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| Title | Author | Year | Subject Area | Publication Type | Location | Description | Affiliation | Body |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY BY LINKING GENEBANKS TO FARMERS THROUGH THE… | Curan Bonham | 2011 | Food Systems and Agriculture | Policy Reports | Asia, Global, India | Linking genebanks (i.e. cold storage repositories for seed varieties) with farmers through direct release of targeted landrace varieties (i.e. traditional farmer-bred varieties) can catalyze an increase in… Read more | Leland Fellow | IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY LINKING GENEBANKS FARMERS THROUGH THE DIRECT RELEASE TARGETED LANDRACE VARIETIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY clear that landraces provide demonstrable yield advantage over currently available improved varieties marginal areas there significant demand for these and have become continually scarcer time Linking genebanks cold storage repositories seed with farmers through direct release targeted landrace traditional farmerbred can meet demands catalyze increase productivity food security the vulnerable populations inhabiting arid regions Rajasthan other places similar nature Though breeders researchers are using germplasm collections crop improvement some extent farmer representative organizations not directly accessing maintained except rare situations However now evidence shows value many agricultural scientists interested potential returning longer them The purpose this policy brief demonstrate linking improving enhancing livelihoods small scale Through case study pearl millet production India illustrate added conserved also discuss constraints farmergenebank linkages suggest mechanisms options could implemented both National Government well Governing Body International Treaty Plant Genetic Resources Food Agriculture ITPGRFA bridge gap exists between Within context number research studies shown under conditions such those prevalent materials consistently outperformed conventionally bred providing better option than cultivation There accessions unique lots usually composed distinct two major These potentially supply restoration lost One greatest challenges understanding how effectively engage national makers discussion about integration into chain knowing where begin important linkage strategy selected will robust complementary current systems technical administrative political considerations affect including lack information held genebank pre breeding heavily regulated harmonization government structures Based upon scenario outlined work identify three possible Commission multidisciplinary contracting parties understand which genebankfarmer most viable Form multistakeholder Task Force benefits mainstream distribution use Mandate creation apparatus integrates public private order create effective chains reach INTRODUCTION Increasing scarcity water costs fossil fuelbased inputs projected changes pest dynamics precipitation temperature mean future intensification need built different foundations Crop genetic diversity resistance climatic soil fertility stresses common environments reduce vulnerability pests diseases increasing resilience harvests reducing risks resourcepoor Since thousands source genes been collected was conserve were becoming extinct they later utilized largely plant development new Engels activities created diverse centralized nations world situ Smale Hodgkin recognizing advantages reciprocal trade goes just from but back BramelCox Ngoc Worede Throughout part agencies housed Ministry While each has its own set management regulations protocols all signatories bound general rules defined Indias managed Bureau NBPGR supervision Indian Councial Agricultural Research ICAR signatory agreed established system sui generis laws implement provided meaningful contributions access resources PGR gone far enough serve ultimate beneficiaries Currently Treatys Standard Materials Transfer Agreement SMTA details legal norms transfer states article Material shall used only purposes training agriculture structured prevents any recipient famers included acquired position visvis explicitly mentioned Are receive answer depend situation Although does prohibit useful neither recognition legitimate requesters Farmers often skills necessary therefore put place facilitate fully implementing specifically obligation distribute valuable field again restored contribute achieving paper considered possibly endorsed consider issue rubrics rights sustainable PGRFA INCREASING PEARL MILLET PRODUCTIVITY RAINFED REGIONS RAJASTHAN Pearl cereal cultivated wide main poorest Africa Board Science Technology Development Due ability withstand drought high temperatures low requirement nutrient content light climate change Therefore needed able adapt changing largest producing country approximately per year Khairwal state accounting total area Nevertheless levels among lowest nationwide due inherent mostly agroecological environment economy global level biodiversity conservation estimated grown especially rain fed yielding hybrids perform Mathur much because persistent replacement more profitable crops outcrossing hybrid cultivars planted close proximity survey conducted districts showed period decreased cultivating had Bonham cause loss recurring variety yet surveyed expressed desire reacquire their willingness pay acquisition rate par market price Resource Crops Institute SemiArid Tropics ICRISAT Additionally identified great economic developing markets species repatriation performed Yadav Bidinger Weltzien Witcombe examples out yielded developed rice Uttaranchal compared modern found ranged tha whereas average yields Reddi Singh interesting example flux already unavailability local recommendations disseminated extension officers transitioning region rainfed Commissionerate makes sense promote rather focus conventional wisdom dictates CONSTRAINTS FARMERGENBANK LINKAGES Technical superiority proven numerous cases exist doubts after having removed natural process selection years van Hintum Parzies quantity multiplication maintain viability large subset heterogeneous alter frequency thereby causing drift alteration performance adaptability This problem requires reevaluated regional varietal trials before distributed agronomic assessed true type genetically compromised playing active role evaluating making preliminary selections identifying desirable traits Nass Paterniani prebreeding promising alternative programs Prebreeding develop subsets undertaken link passport evaluation associated targeting difficult Passport data gathered every includes geographic location collection site physical characteristics habitat Genebanks relational databases would quickly certain even when integrated single searchable database tools techniques geospatial analysis bioinformatics GENESYS FIGS GRIN DIVAGIS Maxent expert knowledge target basis highly sophisticated presided Central State Seed Sub Committees CSSC SSSC institutional bodies along coordination Variety Evaluation Committee SVEC All Coordinated Programs AICRP responsible testing authorization released Seeds Act Amendment seeds must registered take notified Vyas adhere distinctness uniformity stability DUS standards Council Many although observably stable always uniform Halewood nonuniformity enables productive Ceccarelli Grando enter official Strict adherence hinders satisfy consequently standard needs adapted make exceptions Relaxing may long term goal streamlining since produced certified another way introduced affiliated truthfully labeled category subject strict monitoring certification agency guarantee practices adhered during Truthfully names uncertified name particular company officially central guaranteed followed good purity integrity quality parameters germination Rule mechanism allow acquire commercially without registration alone cannot commercial planting times hard pressed deliver grams smaller depending requester land holding hectare required means one greater what customarily give stocking density plants produce grain sow monsoon kharif season devoted impossible possess intermediaries involved assure maintenance Administrative impact coordinate Corporation Farm streamlined avoids duplication confusion calibrating sector regards solves side equation Public satisfies overall Unless given funding mandate derived met institutions marketing first step show existence companies recognize expanding creating efficient networks majority Tripp Pal liberalization larger capacity meeting corporations focuses mainly require mechanization line sowing irrigation fertilizers proper Involving problematic industry less input oriented comprised From profit perspective disincentive Hybrids lose heterotic vigor gains generation buy heterosis advantageous increases sales Private form incentive partnership sort project once responsibility assumed informal hurdles connecting orientation managers know idea Changing look ways present mandated believed thought consumer Neither dissemination holdings nor negotiate bureaucracy sufficiently Facilitating exchange intermediary steps request appropriate achieve measurable happen organized funded initiative integrate Political Current nonprofit outlaws activity Department Scientific Industrial DSIR restrictions unlikely qualify Without modifications likelihood scaling effort quantities Another consideration affects related list annex domain Multi Lateral System MLS should made treaty prior informed consent mutually terms material agreement according FAO stipulation casts doubt legality releasing inherently engaged fact receiving packet spend several cycles selecting full implies modified originally received actually carrying function akin breeder researcher Under entitled addition Hoc Advisory Multilateral helpful First recommends separate express permission above comes supplying original provider allowing redistribution suggests right instrument complex formal transaction same backing accountability circumventing avoid bureaucratic inhibiting contributed initially plans easily gain entities review requests Biodiversity Authority NBA Protection Rights PVPFRA Navigating clarification roles authorities proliferation govern creates ambiguity regard jurisdiction taking decisions unclear linked Exchange Division however operates oversight supreme authority proposals concern committee reviews exportimport mandates Boards SBBs Management BMCs authorize restrict Indians formation whether either charged registering depositing samples assuring adequate benefit sharing agreements With multitude overseeing complicated unfolds comprehend Finally themselves resist fear come control who incorporate negate provisions Some biopiracy kind occurred past relationship trust redeveloped difficulties within governmental addressed beneficial POLICY OPTIONS willing Formulating add incomes improve range aimed via independently concert comprehensive include pilot assess assessment extensive geo spatial technology implications shared director deputy annual Time implementation corresponding Financial covered Benefitsharing fund NARS consist representatives Secretariat community members framework advise Departments discussions then financial division initiate projects educate agents availability stored realize incorporated Plan Planning intervention multiple believe pursue combination immediate Option longterm immediately countries strong further governing prove unwieldy shortterm More feasible consensus building negotiations counter entrenched dogma unproductive favorable Where clearly demonstrated enormous References Sharma Performance Pennisetum glaucum zone Journal Genetics Lost Volume Grains Academy Press Washington Unpublished Dulloo Brahmi Tyagi Upadhyaya Germplasm Use Asian Biotechnology Review Toward establishing links Participatory approaches FriisHansen Sthapit eds Rome Italy Barley Fertile Crescent lesson Genes Edited Brush IPGRI Center Lewis Publishers Ottawa Boca Raton Statistics Glance Year Statistical Cell Jaipur JMM Genebank essential Newsletter Organization international Via delle terme caracalla ftpftpfaoorgdocrepfaoieiepdf Cherfas Hazekamp Robinson property allocating intellectual communities BiberKlemm Cottier editors basic issues perspectives CABI Wallingford Rao CibrianJaramillo Gaiji Jackson Pacual Utilizing conserving agrobiodiversity landscapes Ecosystems Environment Rajpurohit Rai Kherwa Millet Cultivation Production Improvement Project Mandor Jodhpur Coordinator Subregional Office South Asia Bioversity Personal communication maize Scientia Agricola Country Report New Delhi Vietnam Spoor Ennos barley Hordeum vulgare ssp Vulgare lengths gene banks Heredity Rebuiding base farmerscientistactivist alliance Proceedings Symposium Using Diversity maintaining onfarm IDRC office Jor bagh Organising Mountain carry Managing Agrobiodiversity Tej Partap Eds ICIMOD Kathmandu Nepal DayRubenstein World Biological Universal law publishing Pvt Ltd httpwwwnbaindiaorg httpagricoopnicinseedsacthtm second hoc advisory multilateral August Septermber Brasilia Brazil httpwwwplanttreatyorg Information Van Wiel CCM Visser Treuren Vosman Brassica oleracea bank effects regeneration measured AFLPs Theoretical Applied Release popularization choice Making Virk Farrington Oxford IBH Population Paper presented Sixth Congress SABRAO Tsukuba Japan Teshome Tesemma Ethiopia Dualpurpose sources stover Characterization Utilization diversification Annals Arid Zone Weltzlen Differential response landracebased contrasting Ann |
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